Little Alice Adventures Of Self Identity - 1300 Words

â€Å"Little Alice†: Adventures in Self-Identity By examining Lewis Carroll’s Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, it is evident that this bildungsroman novel aims to educate child and adult readers alike on finding one’s identity. A common motif found in the bildungsroman genre is the maturation of a single protagonist, who undergoes moral development through experiential learning. As Alice happens upon the inciting incident of entering Wonderland, her naivety and childlike sensibility is tested. Wonderland acts as a realm of transformation, where the logic of her childhood reality is of no use. It is once Alice’s logic fails her, that she embarks on a journey of introspection. The Mad Tea Party functions as a climatic point in Alice’s formation of her identity. In the ensuing chapters, Alice grows from an immature seven-year-old to a young girl who possesses a sense of autonomy and self-identity. She understands the value of communication, self-control, and the necessity to adapt as she maneuvers h er way through episodic challenges. Initially, Alice is depicted at her most immature and naà ¯ve stage of development. It is early on in the novel, where she is first described as â€Å"Little Alice†. This emphasizes her child-centered perspective within the larger adult world. As Alice’s journey begins, she is inexperienced and ill equipped. This is evident in her encounter with the â€Å"Drink Me† bottle at the bottom of the rabbit hole. Alice uses the logic she would use outside Wonderland toShow MoreRelatedThe Theme Of Identity And Identity Crisis In Alices Adventures In Wonderland1138 Words   |  5 PagesLewis Carroll captured the hearts of both adolescents and adults when he crafted the novel Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland. This specific piece of literary work, having been translated into 174 different languages and cited in numerous academic works since its initial publication, has an unrivalled amount of popularity with readers across the globe (Appleton 2015). The Alice series are among a group of enduring classics whose ideas, which tend to be distinguished as nonsensical, are enough to intrigueRead MoreFacing Adolescence in Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland Essays1485 Words   |  6 Pagesenter the adult world in his novel, Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, by taking readers on a compelling journey through the adolescence of a young girl who struggles to find her identity in a realm she cannot comprehend. Carroll personifies this trying journey through the protagonist, Alice. Alice is a seven year old girl, growing up in the Victorian Age, a time of rapid change and development. â€Å"Alice is engaged in a romance quest for her own identity and growth, for some understanding of logic,Read MoreAlice in Wonderland: A Curious Child1443 Words   |  6 PagesAlice In Wonderland and a Curious Child Lewis Carrolls classic Alice in Wonderland has entertained not only children but adults for over one hundred years. The tale has become a treasure of philosophers, literary critics, and psychoanalysts. There appears to be something in Alice for everyone, and there are almost as many explanations of the work as there are commentators. One commentary is A Curious Child by Nina Auerbach. Auerbach discussed how Alice is a representation of a middle class childRead More The Coming of Age Theme in Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, by Lewis Carroll2641 Words   |  11 PagesVictorian girl named Alice. In the novel, Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, Alice falls into the curious world of Wonderland. Alice assuages and manages inter-conflicts, such as her identity. Through the confusion, experimentation, and uncertainties of the Wonderland between childhood and adulthood Alice realizes in her unconscious state that she is changing from simple child into a young woman. Although the novel is notorious for its satire and parodies, Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland mainRead MoreAlice in Wonderland889 Words   |  4 Pagesin Alice’s Identity Crisis Lewis Carroll’s Alice in Wonderland follows the story of young Alice trapped in the world of Wonderland after falling down through a rabbit-hole. The rabbit-hole which is filled with bookshelves, maps, and other objects foreshadows the set of rules, the ones Alice is normally accustomed to, will be defied in Wonderland. This conflict between her world and Wonderland becomes evident shortly after her arrival as evinced by chaos in â€Å"Pool of Tears† and Alice brings up theRead MoreThe Novel Alice s Adventures, Alice Falls Asleep And Into The Curious World Of Wonderland2634 Words   |  11 PagesVictorian girl named Alice. In the novel Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, Alice falls asleep and into the curious world of Wonderland. Alice assuages and manages inter-conflicts, such as her identity. Through the confusion, experimentation, and uncertainties of Wonderland between childhood and adulthood Alice realizes in her unconscious state that she is changing from simple child into a young woman. Although the novel is notorious for its satire and parodies, Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland mainRead MoreLewis Carroll s Hidden Presence Of Puberty1540 Words   |  7 PagesLewis Carroll’s Hidden Presence of Puberty The transformations that Alice experiences throughout Lewis Carroll’s, Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, display the metaphorical change the protagonist goes through from the stage of childhood to adulthood and the continued struggle to understand her identity. These changes are experienced after Alice follows a white rabbit down his hole and into an incredible world known as Wonderland. This place, although completely fictitious, represents an alternateRead MoreHow Do Travelers Construct Their Own Identity As They Travel? Essay2140 Words   |  9 Pagestravelers construct their own identity as they travel? ‘â€Å"Who are you?† said the Caterpillar.’ (Carroll 1998: 40). Identity is explored extensively throughout Lewis Carroll’s Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland (1865) and Amos Tutuola’s The Palm-Wine Drinkard (1952). Both protagonists embark on a journey that questions their inner self; through the distortion of characters, time and plot. Transformations allow each protagonist to distort their own identity and gain self-awareness as they travel. BothRead MoreAlice’s Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass1929 Words   |  8 PagesLewis Carroll wrote â€Å"Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland† and a follow up novel â€Å"Through the Looking Glass†. Lewis was born on the 27th of January, 1832 under the name Charles Lutwidge Dodgson. He is most famous for his writing style of lyrical nonsense in his works. â€Å"In 1856 Carroll met Alice Liddell, the four-year-old daughter of the head of Christ Church. During the next few years Carroll often made up stories for Alice and her sisters. In July 1862, while on a picnic with the Liddell girlsRead MoreThe Fall Down The Rabbit Hole3326 Words   |  14 PagesThe Fall Down the Rabbit Hole Seven-year-old Alice s curiosity leads her to follow a white rabbit down a hole into Wonderland, a magical realm permeated by nonsense and irrationality. Alice s Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll tells of the escapades of a bored, curious, and innocent young girl as she ventures into Wonderland, a world made up entirely by her imagination. Madness and rudeness govern the kingdom. During her journey, Alice faces one of the most difficult struggles in adolescence:

Earnings Management, in Exchange Listed Companies, Is Not...

INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE Sofia â€Å"Earnings management, in exchange listed companies, is not fraud but a case of caveat emptor for investors† Coursework in BUSINESS FINANCIAL CRIME Student registration No: 479866 Program: International Finance and Trade, Level 2 Lecturer: A. Paparizov â€Å"Earnings management, in exchange listed companies, is not fraud but a case of caveat emptor for investors† With the development of the stock markets and the huge grow in the volume of money traded in them, over the past 20 years a rising attention has been aimed at towards the importance of truthful and fair accounting. The real interest in how companies chase their financial reporting has developed in the wake of a multitude of large†¦show more content†¦We already mentioned that earning management happens in the world and is very common practice nowadays, not only in big worldwide corporations, but also in not so big national companies looking for high accounting numbers, that will help them reach additional bank loans easily. But, is the earning management policy practiced by the firms, affects the stock prices and investors decisions. The investment or in other words â€Å"speculation† decisions most of the times depend on expectations of the future movement of the specific stock. In other words, the majority of non professional investors or speculators decide to b uy or sell a certain stock on basis on their expectation rather than what is stated in most of books, â€Å"what they are ready to pay for it, based on their â€Å"sophisticated† analysis†. For example, if investors see that a company X has reported a 20% growth this year, or became number one in a specific sector, then the investors presentiment became bullish, creating a good environment for a significant growth due to speculators expectation. For example let us take the case of Enron – one of the biggest US companies in early 2000’s. Enron was leading company in electricity, communication, pulp, paper and natural gas sphere. In 2000 Enron Corporation reported nearly $101 billion. According to BBC site, â€Å" it was the first to realize energy and water could beShow MoreRelatedMba Solved Assignment Papers52670 Words   |  211 Pagesevents and environments what you want to gain by your research, the more effective and efficient you can be  in your research, the shorter the time it will take you and ultimately the less it will cost you. Manager’s role in research programs of  a company: Managing people is only a fraction of a manager s responsibility - they have to manage the operations of  the department,  and often  have responsibilities towards the  profitability  of  the organization. Knowledge of research can be very helpful  forRead MoreIca Gh Syslabus26672 Words   |  107 PagesPerformance Outcomes of Each Part PART 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Financial Accounting Fundermentals Business Management Economics Management Information Systems PART 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Quantitative Tools in Business Audit and Internal Review Business and Corporate Law Principles and Practice of Taxation PART 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Financial Reporting Public Sector Accounting Cost and Management Accounting Financial Management PART 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Advanced Financial Reporting Advanced Audit and Professional Ethics CorporateRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesCover Designer: Wanda Espana OB Poll Graphics: Electra Graphics Cover Art: honey comb and a bee working / Shutterstock / LilKar Sr. Media Project Manager, Editorial: Denise Vaughn Media Project Manager, Production: Lisa Rinaldi Full-Service Project Management: Christian Holdener, S4Carlisle Publishing Services Composition: S4Carlisle Publishing Services Printer/Binder: Courier/Kendallville Cover Printer: Courier/Kendalville Text Font: 10.5/12 ITC New Baskerville Std Credits and acknowledgments borrowed

Business Boundaries and Procedures

Question: Describe about the Business Boundaries and Procedures. Answer: Introduction The essay at hand aims to discuss a quotation from Herbert A. Simon (Professor of Administration at the Graduate School of Industrial Administration, Carnegie Institute of Technology) referring to Bounded Rationality and its relationship with Bias. Simon is considered the prophet of Bounded Rationality with his writings being widely acclaimed especially in the field of Economics. The term was first coined by Simon in 1957 in his book Models of Man and the quotation under discussion is also extracted from the same. The book was an early proponent of the theory and had at that time just introduced the concept in the field of social sciences. It was a highly debated topic in the next decade, till it gathered buoyancy over a period of time. Simon had also engaged in further work on the subject to become an unquestioned messiah on the subject. Today the works of Simon are regarded as gospel in the field of social sciences, especially in the field of economics(Economist, 2009). Discussion To start the discussion, it is pertinent to rehearse Simons quote from Models of Man, that says, The capacity of the human mind for formulating and solving complex problems is very small compared with the size of the problems whose solution is required for objectively rational behaviour in the real world -- or even for a reasonable approximation to such objective rationality. Bounded Rationality Simon, in Part IV the book goes on to establish this statement in light of the debate over Rationality and Irrationality. The author states that the rationality of action of a person (author chooses to nomenclature the person as an actor) composes him to create a dummy model of the real life situation and conclude how to deal with it. This seems normal to the cognitive domain of a normal human being, as a model of problem solving. However, Simon argues that the model is inadequate to recreate the actual situation and is far from reality. Hence, a rational behaviour towards the model may be inadequate and the same actions will be far from optimal in real life situations. Author states that the construction of the simplified model is based on the perception, cognition and learning of the person. All these three pose the threat of limitation that a human may suffer from. No human is all encompassing in terms of knowledge and experience. Every individual sees a part of the real life whic h, in isolation is inadequate to explain the whole, which nobody can perceive. The reason stated is that all humans are limited in their content of knowledge, skill and foresight. As a result, combination of all three partial characteristics, lead to partial view of the problem(Barros, 2010). This partial view is actually considered as the problem by a person, which in reality is a gross misnomer and may be very far off from the actual problem. Simon argues that this happens most of the time and gives rise to a situation, wherein, the actor has conceived a solution to something that he construes as a problem. In reality the problem being elsewhere, the solution becomes futile, giving rise to a failure. According to the author, the administrative man is a similar character as this actor. Hence, the solutions formulated provided in real life by certain actors, are always after seeing the part of the problem that the actors can view, and never the whole. However, these solutions are institutionalised and are mandatory on many, who view the other aspects of the problem. Many a times they differ on the solutions imposed on them by the other actors due to administrative reasons. This gives rise to conflicts in an administrative setup. Another handicap that an administrative man faces is the personal psychological makeup. This gives rise to the sense of bias, which skews the decision making of humans(Simonsen, 1994). Biases It is pertinent here to shift our focus on the concept of Bias. As per definition, bias is supposed to be an outlook that is developed from holding a partial perspective about anything. It is generally one sided (or a few sided but never all sided), lacking a neutral point of view. In common parlance, it is understood of lacking an open mind towards anything. In the field of social sciences, there are four types of biases that have been identified till date. They are: Cognitive bias it is a misnomer in the thought process that results in distorted thinking. This involves not only thoughts, but also the outcome of thoughts like analysis of situations in the wrong light, remembering the erroneous incidents or the incorrect side of right incidents. Bias deviates from the standard procedure of thinking and judgement. The inferences drawn up are often unreasonable and void of logic. They are instituted just because someone thought of it in a certain way, and the others did not object. This kind of bias leads to distortion in perceptions, inaccuracy in judgement, illogical interpretation(Hortal, 2008). Types of Cognitive bias identified are: Anchoring Apophenia Attribution bias Confirmation bias Framing Halo effect Self-serving bias Conflict of interest this type of bias arises when the interests of two interacting individuals (or groups) do not match with each other, and often end up at loggerheads. Such situations give rise to a deadlock condition and can be broken through external interventions only. However, bias sets in only when the parties to the conflict try to find a way out which is devoid of logic. This generally gives rise to a negative strain of activity and related to corruption. One (or both) of the parties act in an unprofessional manner, that violates the rational choice of actions. The actions now are driven by self interest as against the interest of the job at hand(Jones, 2003). Types of conflicts of interest that give rise to personal interest are: Bribery Favoritism Funding bias Insider trading Lobbying Match fixing Regulatory issues Shilling Statistical bias occurs while collecting and analysing data for specific purpose. The error occurs when the data collection is laden with bias. The bias sets in when the entire mechanism of collection has built in flaw. It is generally a case of mix-up of cause and effect relationships. A typical example is of media interviews of affected parties. A version of an accident victim will always portray the other party as the culprit. The unbiased view may be provided by a bystander, as long as the person is not suffering from cognitive bias. But the unbiased information collection design should comprise of all the three parties and not only one. Any interview designed for only one party is laden with statistical bias in its findings(Philip M. Podsakoff, 2003). Contextual bias this kind of bias originates due to intervention of a person or a set of knowledge over-running the reality. The set of knowledge may be textual or academic matter, personal intervention, copying or plagiarism, oversimplifying things by use of formulae for generalising complex situations, etc. Types of contextual bias are: Academic bias Educational bias Experimenter bias Full text on net bias Inductive bias Media bias Publication bias Reporting bias social desirability bias(Kashin et al., 2015). Biases bounding rationality These biases govern the general outcome of responses to any stimulus that requires cognitive inputs. The biases do not govern non-cognitive or reflex actions. The subject of the bias may vary from a person to a thing to a situation to a concept to anything that can create an impact on the cognitive domain of a rational human being. However, in the theory of bias, this is the very rationality that is questioned and studied for aberrations. It is commonly believed that bias arises from the human prejudice and intuition. Bias is closely related to prejudice, which is formation of a prejudgement, even before becoming fully aware of the realities. It is and assumption that this must have had happened, since, that person (or group of persons) is like this. Maybe the reality is that the subject perceived as the culprit actually had no say in the matter. Prejudice is formed due to inherent ideas and learning that a person may have developed over time due to experience or interaction with the social surroundings. This leads to a person viewing a problem through partisan lenses. The viewpoint is never normal and majorly negative in nature. Another aberration causing stimulus is the intuition of a person. This develops from pre-acquired knowledge and the self-analysis of the knowledge to a personal foresight. All of which may suffer from biases, resulting in the entire viewpoint being skewed(Weber, 2010). Conclusion The bias gives rise to lack of rationality that Simon refers to as Bounded Rationality. Where Simon talks of rationality being bounded by the personal characteristics of an actor, the author are in other terms referring to the existence of bias. Thus, the concept of bias and Simons viewpoint are just two sides of the same coin. References Barros, G., 2010. Herbert A. Simon and the concept of rationality: boundaries and procedures. [Online] Available at: https://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttextpid=S0101-31572010000300006 [Accessed 15 October 2016]. Economist, 2009. Herbert Simon. [Online] Available at: https://www.economist.com/node/13350892 [Accessed 15 October 2016]. Hortal, A., 2008. Empiricism in Herbert Simon: Administrative Behavior within the evolution of the Bounded Procedural Rationality Model. [Online] Available at: https://www.academia.edu/6313136/Empiricism_in_Herbert_Simon_Administrative_Behavior_within_the_evolution_of_the_Bounded_Procedural_Rationality_Model [Accessed 15 October 2016]. Jones, B., 2003. Bounded rationality and politial sciene. [Online] Available at: https://www.esf.edu/es/felleman/696AM%20Bounded%20Rationality.pdf [Accessed 15 October 2016]. Kashin, K., King, G. Soneji, S., 2015. Explaining Systematic Bias and Nontransparency in U.S. Social Security Administration Forecasts. [Online] Available at: https://gking.harvard.edu/files/gking/files/political_analysis-2015-kashin-pan-mpv011.pdf [Accessed 15 October 2016]. Philip M. Podsakoff, S.B.M.a.J.-Y.L., 2003. Common Method Biases in Behavioral Research: A Critical Review of the Literature and Recommended Remedies; https://www.jwalkonline.org/docs/Grad%20Classes/Survey/articles/required/Podsakoff%20-%20common%20method%20biases.pdf. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), pp.879-903. Available at: https://www.jwalkonline.org/docs/Grad%20Classes/Survey/articles/required/Podsakoff%20-%20common%20method%20biases.pdf [Accessed 15 October 2016]. Simonsen, J., 1994. Herbert A. Simon: Administrative Behavior How organizations can be understood in terms of decision processes. [Online] Available at: https://jespersimonsen.dk/Downloads/Simon-introduction.pdf [Accessed 15 October 2016]. Weber, L., 2010. Expanding the Concept of Bounded Rationality in TCE:. [Online] Available at: cor.web.uci.edu/files/2013/02/Weber-Mayer-2010_BR.docx [Accessed 15 October 2016].